YEAR 2024 No 2

ISSN 2182-9845

“Pay or ok”. Paying with personal data under Directive 2019/770: A comparative view between Spain and Portugal

José Antonio Castillo Parrilla / Jorge Morais Carvalho

Keywords

Personal data; counter-performance; consent; digital content; digital services; consumer.

Abstract

Based on the ideas of consideration, price and counter-performance in the general theory of obligations and contracts, this text analyses the issue of payment with personal data in consumer contracts under Spanish and Portuguese law. Despite the fear of the lawmakers in using the word “consideration” in this context, we argue that we are dealing with payment with personal data whenever three conditions are met: (i) the processing of data is based on the consent of the data subject (consumer); (ii) the trader, who is responsible for the processing, binds their services to the consent of the consumer (data subject) in such a way that the synallagma do (res) ut des (data) occurs; (iii) the responsibility of the consumer, resulting from the freedom of consent. This last aspect means that the mere reciprocal restitution cannot be considered a damage caused by the withdrawal of consent.

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