YEAR 2022 No 2
ISSN 2182-9845
Joana Costa Lopes / Chen Chen
Startups; innovation; funding; crowdfunding; venture capital; Initial Coin Offerings; securities.
Because of their characteristics, startups are generally unable to access traditional forms of funding, such as bank loans. However, the global digital and technological revolution of recent years has enabled other forms of funding to emerge, offering alternatives to bank loans. These have allowed startups to fund themselves and so develop their business. This paper sets out to look at the alternative, technology-driven forms of finance used by startups and how these funding arrangements are regulated in the Portuguese legal system and in the European Union.