Disinformation Dynamics and Regulation in Portugal: Insights from a Qualitative Study

Inês Sousa Guedes • Margarida Santos • Samuel Moreira • Carla Cardoso • Josefina Castro

Palavras-chave

disinformation; Portugal; vulnerabilities; regulation 

Resumo

Recent global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine war, have heightened concerns over disinformation and its implications for security and democracy. Disinformation involves the deliberate spread of false or misleading content to influence beliefs and behaviors, often driven by political or economic motives. This study explores disinformation dynamics in Portugal, assessing public and political vulnerabilities and the regulatory framework. Thirteen in-depth interviews with fifteen experts from governmental and non-governmental sectors in Portugal were conducted in late 2023. Results revealed that internal disinformation in Portugal remains comparatively unsophisticated within the European Union (EU) context. Far-right movements in Portugal significantly contribute to political disinformation, amplifying populism and polarization discourses. Elections are particularly vulnerable to disinformation, with growing narratives around immigration, race, and gender issues increasing societal division. Furthermore, Portugal is not a primary target of state-sponsored disinformation campaigns, due to its small size, unified political system, and reduced electorate. However, its integration into the EU and NATO exposes it to broader, regional disinformation strategies. Regulatory efforts within the EU, transitioning from self-regulation to co-regulation with digital platforms, are seen as a step forward. However, concerns remain about sustainability, platform compliance, and the need for preventive measures. In sum, this study highlights the evolution of disinformation in Portugal, the vulnerabilities it creates, and the critical need for enhanced regulatory and educational interventions. These findings contribute to broader discussions on resilience to disinformation within democratic societies.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10610-025-09617-0