YEAR 2025 No 3

ISSN 2182-9845

Call option and promise of call option Requirements for validity

Manuel Domingos Alves Fernandes

Keywords

Option contract; agreement to grant an option; irrevocable offer; unilateral preliminary contract; determinability of performance/obligation; specific performance Special Revitalization Procedure (PER).

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the option contract and the promise of option to purchase, highlighting their validity requirements, distinctions from related figures (such as the irrevocable contractual offer and the preliminary contract), as well as their practical relevance in different contexts, namely within the Special Revitalization Procedure (PER).
Firstly, the option contract is presented as an atypical but socially typical instrument, granting the beneficiary a potestative right to unilaterally form the definitive contract. The requirement of determinability of performance (Art. 280 CC) is emphasized, ensured by the supplementary rules on price determination (Art. 883 CC), thus avoiding nullity for indeterminacy.
Secondly, the focus is placed on formal requirements (particularly in real estate transactions, where a notarial deed is required ad substantiam) and on the possibility of specific performance (Art. 830 CC) in option contracts, especially when the grantor refuses to execute the definitive contract. The promise of option, as a preliminary agreement that merely anticipates the attribution of the option right, is also analyzed in light of its practical utility, especially in corporate debt restructuring under the PER framework.
Therefore, this work underscores the importance of the option contract and the promise of option as instruments of contractual planning, legal certainty, and risk management, drawing on doctrinal insights, case law, and the Portuguese Civil Code to ensure their validity and effectiveness.

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